More than 2 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with epilepsy, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). But as common as epilepsy is, stigmas about the condition have only recently begun to be dispelled.
A brain disorder in which the normal pattern of neuron activity becomes disturbed, epilepsy can result in seizures, with symptoms ranging from unusual sensations and emotions to severe convulsions or loss of consciousness. Some people with epilepsy may experience several seizures a day, while others may go months, or even years, without one. And not all types of epilepsy are lifelong either; some forms are even confined to particular stages of childhood.
Types of Epileptic Seizures
Neurologists have divided seizures into two major categories-focal seizures and generalized seizures:
Focal Seizures
. These types of seizures occur in just one part of the brain. Focal seizures can range from simple, in which the person remains conscious but experiences unusual feelings, sensations, or emotions, to complex focal, which can result in repetitious behaviors such as blinks or twitches, or even loss of consciousness. About 60 percent of people with epilepsy have focal seizures, according to the NINDS.
Generalized Seizures
. The result of abnormal neuronal activity on both sides of the brain, generalized seizures can take many forms. In absence seizures, for example, the person may have twitching muscles and may appear to be staring into space. Tonic seizures cause stiffening of the muscles, generally in the back, legs, and arms. Other types of generalized seizures include clonic seizures (repeated jerking movements on both sides of the body), atonic seizures (a temporary loss of normal muscle tone and strength), and tonic-clonic seizures (a mix of symptoms including stiffening of the body and repeated jerks of limbs as well as loss of consciousness)..
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